{"id":229,"date":"2024-06-03T16:21:02","date_gmt":"2024-06-03T14:21:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.iparl.de\/?page_id=229"},"modified":"2025-03-18T14:11:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T13:11:46","slug":"second-chambers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.iparl.de\/en\/unsere-arbeit\/forschung\/zweite-kammern\/","title":{"rendered":"Second chambers"},"content":{"rendered":"
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IParl project \"Second chambers in democratic systems of government\"<\/span><\/h1><\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\"French<\/a>Around 40 per cent of the world's parliaments are bicameral. Second chambers can be found on every continent, in parliamentary as well as presidential systems, in federal as well as unitary countries, and in democratic as well as autocratic regimes: examples include the British House of Lords, the French Senate, the German Bundesrat, and the senates of Latin American countries and the United States. Nevertheless, the question of what they add to the systems in which they exist is often raised, sometimes to the point of questioning their very existence. Despite the importance of these debates, second chambers have rarely been the focus of political science research. The IParl aims to contribute to this discussion by undertaking a research project on representation in European second chambers.<\/p>

The project aims to understand how second chambers engage in representation with regard to four aspects: (1) who their members are and how they understand their representative roles, (2) how representation is expressed in speeches, (3) how it is implemented in policy-making, and (4) how the represented perceive their relationship with said second chambers. The first phase \u2013 focusing on Germany, France, Ireland and Poland \u2013 is nearing completion.<\/p>

For any further questions or advice, please contact\u00a0Calixte Bloquet<\/a>\u00a0and\/or\u00a0Franziska Carstensen<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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The following papers have been published in the frame of this project dedicated to second chambers: <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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2024: Members of the German Bundesrat: (How\/Who\/From Where) Do they represent?<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Calixte Bloquet \/ Franziska Carstensen: Members of the German Bundesrat: (How\/Who\/From Where) Do they represent?, in: European Centre for Research on Federalism (ed.): Jahrbuch des F\u00f6deralismus 2024, Baden-Baden 2024. (Link<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>

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2022: Was leisten Zweite Kammern f\u00fcr die repr\u00e4sentative Demokratie?<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Sch\u00fcttemeyer, Suzanne S. \/ Sturm, Roland: Was leisten Zweite Kammern f\u00fcr die repr\u00e4sentative Demokratie?, in: European Centre for Research on Federalism (ed.): Jahrbuch des F\u00f6deralismus 2022, Baden-Baden 2022. (Link<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>

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2022: Zweite Kammern in Europa: Wen oder was sollen sie repr\u00e4sentieren?<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Carstensen, Franziska: 2022: Zweite Kammern in Europa: Wen oder was sollen sie repr\u00e4sentieren?, IParl-Blickpunkt 6, Berlin 2021 (Link<\/a>)<\/p>

Bicameral parliamentary structures exist in around half of all European states. Although decisions made by second chambers can have a significant impact on the political process, they are not often at the centre of public attention. In particular, little is known about how representation in second chambers is pre-structured by legal requirements. This Focus on Europe addresses this gap and asks how representation in second chambers is standardised under constitutional law, which modes of appointment exist, but also which minimum age requirements, mandate durations, personnel sizes and partial renewal options are provided for through (in)direct elections. Another point of interest is whether European second chambers are equipped with specialised representation for certain population groups in order to mitigate the representation deficits of the first chambers. To summarise, an initial picture of European second chambers can be drawn that does not meet all the expectations of the research.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The results of the first phase were presented at the following conferences and events, among others:<\/b><\/p>

2024: 3rd Global Conference on Parliamentary Studies in Prague, 10 June 2024.<\/p>

2024: Workshop of the DVPW Themengruppe F\u00f6deralismus, 1-2 March 2024 in Berlin.<\/p>

2023: 8th Conference of the ECPR Standing Group on Parliaments in Vienna, 6-8 July 2023.\u00a0<\/p>

2023: Erster \u00d6sterreichscher Tag der Parlamentsforschung in Vienna on 26 June 2023.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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IParl-Projekt \u201eZweite Kammern in demokratischen Regierungssystemen\u201d Ungef\u00e4hr 40 Prozent der Parlamente weltweit sind bikameral. Zweite Kammern finden sich auf jedem Kontinent, in parlamentarischen wie pr\u00e4sidentiellen Regierungssystemen, in f\u00f6deralen und unitarischen Staaten, in Demokratien und Autokratien: Beispiele sind das britische House of Lords, der franz\u00f6sische Senat, der deutsche Bundesrat, die Senate in Lateinamerika und in den […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":217,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-229","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nZweite Kammern - IParl<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iparl.de\/en\/our-work\/research\/second-chambers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zweite Kammern - IParl\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"IParl-Projekt \u201eZweite Kammern in demokratischen Regierungssystemen\u201d Ungef\u00e4hr 40 Prozent der Parlamente weltweit sind bikameral. 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